This day in history

American President Richard Nixon refuses to hand over tape recordings and documents subpoenaed by the Senate Watergate Committee.
 

Rose Heilbron becomes the first woman to be appointed a judge at the Old Bailey Court in London, England.
 

Billboard Magazine publishes the first popular music chart, with rankings based on national sales figures.
 

The first successful appendix operation is performed by Dr William West Grant in Iowa, U.S.A.
 

Under the orders of King Charles I, armed soldiers enter Parliament. The English Civil War starts shortly afterwards.
 

Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina.